6 Best Linux Desktop Environments Complete Guide
Linux offers a wide array of desktop environments, each catering to different user preferences and needs. Here, we will delve into six of the best Linux desktop environments, highlighting their unique features, installation methods, and user experiences.
1. GNOME Desktop Environment
GNOME is one of the most popular and widely used desktop environments for Linux. It is the default environment for several major distributions, including Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora. GNOME is known for its modern and touch-friendly user interface, making it easy to use for both desktop and mobile devices.
Key Features
- Modern UI: GNOME features a sleek and modern interface that is highly customizable through GNOME Shell Extensions.
- Core Applications: It includes a set of core applications such as the GNOME Files file manager, GNOME Control Center, and GNOME Chat.
- Window Manager: The default window manager for GNOME is Mutter, which supports both X11 and Wayland display servers.
Installation
To install GNOME on Ubuntu, you can use the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
This will install the full GNOME desktop environment along with all the necessary applications.
2. KDE Plasma Desktop Environment
KDE Plasma is another highly popular and feature-rich desktop environment. It is known for its modern, stylish look and extensive customization options. KDE Plasma is the default environment for distributions like Kubuntu and openSUSE.
Key Features
- Customization: KDE Plasma is highly customizable, allowing users to add widgets, change themes, and modify the layout to their liking.
- Resource Efficiency: Despite its feature-rich nature, KDE Plasma is relatively lightweight and efficient, making it suitable for a wide range of hardware configurations.
- Integration: It includes tools like KDE Connect, which allows seamless integration with mobile devices.
Installation
To install KDE Plasma on Ubuntu, you can use the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get full-upgrade
This will install the KDE Plasma desktop environment along with its default applications.
3. Cinnamon Desktop Environment
Cinnamon is a popular desktop environment known for its polished and modern look. It is the default environment for Linux Mint and is favored by users who prefer a traditional desktop layout similar to Windows.
Key Features
- Traditional Layout: Cinnamon offers a familiar interface with a bottom panel, applets, and desklets, making it easy for new Linux users to adapt.
- Customization: Users can change wallpapers, add and position panels, and customize applets to create a unique interface.
- Resource Efficiency: Cinnamon is relatively lightweight, making it suitable for systems with moderate hardware specifications.
Installation
To install Cinnamon on Ubuntu, use the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon
This will install the Cinnamon desktop environment.
4. MATE Desktop Environment
MATE is a continuation of the GNOME 2 desktop environment and is known for its traditional and intuitive interface. It is a good choice for users who prefer the older GNOME 2 layout.
Key Features
- Traditional Metaphors: MATE uses traditional desktop metaphors, making it easy for users who are accustomed to older versions of GNOME.
- Feature-Rich: It includes a full set of applications and tools, providing a comprehensive desktop experience.
- Lightweight: MATE is relatively lightweight, making it suitable for older hardware configurations.
Installation
To install MATE on Ubuntu, you can use the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop
This will install the MATE desktop environment along with its default applications.
5. XFCE Desktop Environment
XFCE is one of the most lightweight desktop environments available for Linux. It is known for its simplicity and efficiency, making it a great choice for older hardware or systems with limited resources.
Key Features
- Lightweight: XFCE is extremely lightweight, using minimal system resources.
- Simple Interface: It offers a clean and simple interface that is easy to navigate.
- Customization: Despite its simplicity, XFCE is highly customizable, allowing users to modify the layout and appearance to their liking.
Installation
To install XFCE on Ubuntu, use the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
This will install the XFCE desktop environment along with its default applications.
6. Pantheon Desktop Environment
Pantheon is the default desktop environment for elementary OS and is known for its sleek and modern design, which resembles Apple's macOS. It is a good choice for users who prefer a visually appealing and intuitive interface.
Key Features
- Modern Design: Pantheon features a modern and stylish interface that is highly polished.
- Intuitive: It is designed to be easy to use, with a focus on simplicity and elegance.
- Customization: While not as highly customizable as some other environments, Pantheon offers a unique and cohesive user experience.
Installation
To install Pantheon on Ubuntu, you need to add the elementary OS repository and install the necessary packages. However, this process is more complex and may require additional steps to ensure compatibility and stability.
Each of these desktop environments offers a unique set of features and user experiences, allowing users to choose the one that best fits their needs and preferences. Whether you are looking for a modern and touch-friendly interface, a traditional desktop layout, or a lightweight and efficient environment, there is a Linux desktop environment available to suit your requirements.